As a defensive reaction to the friction of skin rubbing against a bone, shoe, or the ground, some patches of skin thicken and develop corns and calluses when this pressure becomes excessive.
A bunion, commonly referred to as “hallux valgus,” is a big toe deformity that causes the big toe to point excessively in the direction of the second toe and results in a bony lump on the side of the foot.
When a fragment of the nail pierces the toe’s skin, it is known as an ingrowing toenail. It may be so painful, inflamed, or infected that it feels like you have a splinter.